alienation
- separation from; to be separated from land or, perhaps
from one's own culture as a result of assimilation; to be
"turned off" from certain social values because they do not
coincide with one's own culture. |
assimilation
- absorption or interation of a culture by another culture.
The U.S. policy in Hawai`i after the American takeover was
to absorb and integrate Native and Asian peoples into American
culture by prohibiting all but English speaking in the schools,
and promoting American values. |
beneficiaries
- individuals who are qualified by law to benefit from a
particular trust. Hawaiians of 50% blood quantum or more
are, by Federal law, beneficiaries of the Hawaiian Homes
Act. |
Ceded lands
- these refer to the Crown and Government
lands of the Hawaiian Kingdom, estimated at 2.1 million acres,
that were seized by the Republic of Hawai`i and given to
the U.S. government when the U.S. took over the islands.
After removing more than a half-million acres for military
bases, Hawaiian Home Lands and other federal uses, the balance
of lands, less than 1.4 million, were transferred to the
State of Hawai`i and make up more than 90% of the State's
landholdings. |
civil disobedience
- a non-violent but determined resistance
to what are believed to be unjust laws or government actions.
Freedom Riders in the American south and anti-war protestors
who burned draft cards in the sixties engaged in classic
civil disobedience. |
decolonization
- a process mandated by the United
Nations in 1947 to return or initiate self-government to
countries that had been colonized. The process called for
the withdrawal of any occupying military forces and a plebescite
or vote under the observation and protection of the U.N.
Although designated a colony before 1959, Hawai`i has never
gone through a U.N. sponsored decolonization. |
grass roots initiatives
- social and political movements that
have a popular base, that come from the people rather than
being initiated by government agencies or elites. |
hegemony
- domination. Usually, a kind of social
and cultural domination that occurs as a result of political,
military and economic dominance. |
infrastructure
- a development of basic improvements--water,
electricity and roads -- that would then allow the development
of a community. |
oligarchy
- rule by a few. In the case of the Territory
of Hawai`i, a few very wealth haole land-owners controlled
the economics and politics of the Islands for over half a century.
Historians and social scientists often refer to the territorial
government of Hawai`i, ostensibly democratic, as an oligarchy. |
reparations
- the act of making amends; compensation,
in money or perhaps land, for damages done by a government
to a people as a result of enslavement or dispossession. |
sovereignty
- to rule. In the case of Hawai`i, sovereignty
refers to Native self-government and rule over its own lands
and citizens, as opposed to American citizenship. |
urbanization
- transforming countryside into
a part of the city; developing urban or dense populations
in once-rural areas. |
zoning
- has to do with government land-use
policies. In Hawai`i, city and county governments have control
over how land may be occupied and developed by establishing
zones that determine not just use, but the rate of taxation
and ultimately, what the land is worth. When agricultural
land is rezoned as commercial or residential, its value to
the owner rises a great deal. |
